Texas A&M University (TAMU) ANSC 305 Animal Breeding Exam 1 Practice

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• Which species has a diploid chromosome number of 64?
• Inbreeding is defined as
• Which Prolific Breed from England has a white face and is typically polled in the US (though sometimes horned), with twins being common and a heavily muscled, medium-sized body?
• Landrace is a white maternal breed from Denmark, influenced by Yorkshire, with down ears, long-bodied, prolific and high in milk production.
• Which breed is a terminal-sire, heavily muscled with poor sow productivity, typically used as a terminal sire?
• Which breed from Australia is Prolific, known for multiple births and good wool quality?
• Heterozygous describes which condition?
• Which pedigree type shows transmission from mother to all offspring and is inherited through mitochondria?
• Which pair of environments is noted as an example of GEI in cattle?
• Which light breed from the United States is known for pacers (forward legs on the same side) and trotters (diagonal gait)?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for sheep?
• Which statement correctly contrasts GCP Bovine 100k and Bovine-GCP-F250?
• Which pedigree type is most consistent with multiple generations showing both sexes affected and transmission through affected parents?
• Which white maternal breed developed in the United States with English genetics has ears pointing upward and is known for being prolific and very maternal?
• The Angus breed originates from which region?
• Which color description correctly describes Percheron color variation?
• Which Continental breed from Switzerland is known for the heaviest milk production among continental breeds?
• In which decade did Red Angus start its own registration?
• Which species has a diploid chromosome number of 54?
• Which trait is highlighted for Angus bulls in the material?
• Which African breed is a Sanga-influenced composite with Africander, Hereford, and Shorthorn genetics, imported in the 1990s?
• For GCP Porcine 50k, which SNP count is noted in the material?
• When were Angus cattle brought to the United States?
• How much of phenotype variation is due to environment/management?
• What is the Axy value for full-siblings from pedigree averages, and its range?
• Axy stands for which concept in quantitative genetics?
• Yorkshire is a white maternal breed developed in the United States with English genetics and is known for being prolific and very maternal.
• Which breed is a Prolific Breed originating in Australia, with rams horned and ewes polled or scurred, and white with white faces?
• Among draft breeds, the Percheron is described as which?
• Which breed developed in Maine is a moderate-sized meat breed that produces hair rather than wool, avoiding the need for shearing?
• Which relationship can have an Axy range that extends up to 1?
• An estimate is the statistical realization of which type of quantity?
• Which Bos indicus breed is characterized by a red coat and is noted for heat and insect tolerance?
• Which Bos indicus breed was developed in the United States from different Indian breeds and is typically horned but can be polled?
• Covariance describes how two variables change with respect to each other. Which phrase best captures this concept?
• What is the Percheron's primary use?
• What is the Axy value for grandparent-grandoffspring?
• Which breed is a mixture of Bos taurus and Bos indicus?
• What is the Axy value for half-siblings from pedigree averages, and its range?
• The cross Red Pol x Indama is associated with which breed?
• GCP Ovine 50k is associated with which SNP count?
• Which statement best describes the effect of inbreeding on genetic variation in progeny?
• In the shipwrecked lamb example, why do the islands' sheep become genetically different over time?
• Which pedigree type is characterized by affected individuals typically having affected parents and both sexes affected in each generation?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of pedigree analysis?
• Which breed can have more marbling if fed like beef breeds in a feedlot?
• Which continental breed is associated with brown cattle and originated from Western Europe/Switzerland?
• Which population phenomenon explains how two isolated groups can become genetically distinct after a founder event?
• Which breed is described as grey with black tips and originated in Italy?
• Horses reference genome name?
• Which breed originated in Belgium and is noted as the first to bring PSS into crossbreeding, with down ears and a white coat with black spots?
• Which statement about Percheron colors is true?
• Which pair type has an Axy fixed at 0.5 with no variation?
• Which pedigree type is typically associated with affected males more frequently and transmission through carrier mothers?
• Which Prolific breed from England is typically known for twins and heavy muscling?
• Which pedigree type is characterized by affected individuals who often have unaffected carrier parents?
• Which expression represents the inbreeding coefficient equation for an individual?
• Which breed from France is noted for very heavy muscling and a large frame, with a history of being used to increase size?
• In dairy cattle, which sequence describes the observed inbreeding levels?
• Phenotype equation: What is Phenotype equal to?
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to track inheritance of which kind of genetic variants?
• Which breed is known for being lightly muscled with low birth weight and used for first-calf heifers to decrease dystocia, with potential for marbling if fed like beef cattle?
• Which relationship has an Axy value of 0.375?
• Which English breed is white with black face and legs and heavily muscled with good carcass qualities?
• Which England-origin medium wool breed is known for showing lambs and is small to medium in size?
• The probability expression P(RXY - 1 SRXY < True DNA Shared proportion < RXY + 1 x SRXY) equals
• Which Bos indicus breed originated in India and is the most numerous South Asian breed in the world, popular in Brazil, with grey color and black pigmentation?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for goat?
• Which light breed originates from the Arabian Peninsula and is known for influencing all light horse breeds and endurance racing?
• Which composition defines Simbrah?
• Heterozygous describes which condition?
• Wright's relationship coefficient (Rxy) is defined as
• Which breed from England is known for a larger frame and coarse long wool and is commonly used for crossbreeding?
• Which term refers to the combined contributions from different pathways in transmitting genetic effects?
• What is always needed in animal breeding plans?
• GCP Equine 50k has how many SNPs according to the notes?
• Related inbred animals will have genetic differences due to inbreeding; which coefficient accounts for this in the denominator of the relationship coefficient?
• What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
• Which concept describes using complementary trait sets in dams and sires to improve overall production?
• Which Caribbean breed is known for slick hair, no switch, and heat tolerance?
• Which South African hair sheep is typically black-headed with a white body or white hair, and is a cross of horned Dorset and black-headed Persian sheep?
• Which Bos indicus-influenced American Composite breed has color described as red or yellow and can have a floating 16th from any breed in its composition?
• Which statement best describes the long-term breeding strategy?
• Which African breed from Zimbabwe is described as moderate size with good reproductive soundness?
• Which British breed was the first meat animal to have a registry/herd book?
• Half-sib mating produces offspring with an expected inbreeding coefficient of
• On a SNP array, how many assays are performed per animal?
• GEI definition: which statement describes when GEI occurs?
• The statement that unrelated inbred animals are more genetically different than unrelated non-inbred animals is explained by which concept?
• What is the Axy value for half-siblings?
• Can an inbred parent be used to produce non-inbred progeny?
• Which of the following colors is not listed for Percheron?
• Which breed, originating in France, is known as a fine wool breed with white coloration and high fleece quality?
• Which breed is described as a light breed from the United States that can display colors such as bay, chestnut, brown, and grey?
• The GCP Bovine 100k platform provides which of the following?
• Beefmaster is a Bos indicus influenced American Composite Breed developed at Lasater Ranch in South Texas. What is its genetic composition?
• A 95% confidence interval is approximately which of the following?
• The Percheron originated in which country?
• In calculating Axy, we average across what?
• In the phenotype equation, which term represents interaction between genetics and environment?
• Which pairing correctly matches a species to its reference genome assembly?
• Bradford is a Bos indicus influenced American Composite breed with color described as traditional Hereford color, brindle, and chocolate. What is its breed composition?
• Which breed has the heaviest milk production and is the most numerous breed of cattle in the world?
• In cattle genetics, what do the terms horned, polled, and scurred describe?
• What is the breed composition of Santa Gertrudis?
• Which statement correctly matches diagram conventions for lines in pedigrees?
• In genetic choices, which term describes the strengths of a breed?
• The Percheron originated in which country?
• Locus is defined as?
• Which statement best describes the Angus breed in the material?
• Which color trajectory is commonly observed in Percherons?
• Meishan is a Chinese prolific breed known for large litters and very high fat content, though lightly muscled.
• Which light breed developed in the United States is known for white sclera, vertical stripes on hooves, and spot patterns?
• Approximately how many genes are in the mammalian genome?
• Which breed is a British breed originating in Western England near Wales and can be horned or polled?
• Which color statement about Percherons is accurate?
• Which term refers to the estimated contributions from different biological pathways to a trait or selection response?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed attribute of Percheron?
• Which breed was imported to the U.S. in 1976 and is known for black or red coloration?
• A side effect of fast genetic progress is intense selection aimed at which objectives?
• Pattern where affected males are commonly born to carrier mothers indicates which pedigree?
• In genetic decisions, which element is specifically associated with hybrid vigor?
• What is the correct sequence constituting the Central Dogma of Biology?
• Which statement best defines a confidence interval?
• Nubian (Anglo-Nubian) is a dairy breed originating in England and is known for long ears and high butterfat.
• Which breed originated from the Arabian Peninsula and is renowned for endurance racing among light horses?
• What does production system complementarity refer to in animal breeding?
• Which breed developed in the United States is typically used for harness racing and is known for pacers and trotters?
• Which light breed originated in the United States is associated with tobiano or overo color patterns?
• Which breed originates in Belgium and is the first to bring PSS into crossbreeding, known for down ears and a white coat with black spots?
• Which statement best explains why unrelated inbred animals may be more genetically different from each other than unrelated non-inbred animals?
• Pigs reference genome name?
• Inbreeding coefficient is defined as
• Which Chinese breed is highly prolific with large litters and high fat content, used in the United States for research?
• In the equation Fx = 1/2(Aab), what does Aab represent?
• Which dairy breed originates from Switzerland and is known for producing a large volume of milk?
• Which African breed from Kenya is large with a huge hump and good udder/milk production?
• Homozygous describes which condition?
• Which breed from England is characterized by a large frame and coarse long wool and is typically polled?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for pig?
• What is considered a classic demonstration of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) in cattle?
• Which of the following best describes the Percheron?
• Axy denotes which of the following in pedigree theory?
• What is a confidence interval?
• What is the Axy value for 3/4 siblings?
• Duroc is an American meat breed from the United States known for red color and down ears, with heavy muscling and good marbling.
• Which statement best describes the concept of genotype-by-environment interaction?
• Which draft breed originates in Scotland and is described as having bay, brown, black, spino pattern, and feathers on the feet?
• Approximately how many genes are present in the mammalian genome?
• Which breed is a meat breed from South Africa with a white body and a red or black head?
• Which relationship has an Axy value of 0.5 and is commonly produced by embryo transfer across years in cattle?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for goat?
• In arrow diagrams, which type of relationship is indicated by a solid line?
• Which Continental breed originated in France and was imported to the US in 1934 via Mexico, known for heavy muscling and a large frame?
• Which light breed originated in England and is primarily associated with racing and intermediate distances, with colors including bay, chestnut, brown, black, and grey?
• Which white maternal breed is from Denmark and is long-bodied with the potential for an extra vertebra?
• Bradford is described as having color variants and equals 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford. Which of the following is Bradford's composition?
• In pedigree terminology, which term denotes the maternal side?
• La Mancha (American La Mancha) is a dairy breed developed in the United States with Spanish origin and is characterized by no outer ear (gopher ears).
• Which term best describes a scenario with no GEI, where environmental influence is uniform across genotypes?
• Which African breed from Zimbabwe is moderate size with good reproductive soundness?
• Which England-origin breed is known for showing lambs and has a small to medium size?
• Which breed is characterized by a red body with a white bald face extending to the chest, white feet, white underbelly, and white on the top line?
• Which breed is a Medium Wool sheep from England that is polled and has a color pattern similar to the Suffolk but with a wool cap on its head, and is heavily muscled?
• GCP Indicus 50k SNPs, based on Nellore, are primarily suitable for which cattle group?
• Brangus is a Bos indicus influenced American Composite Breed originated in the Southern U.S. in the 1950s. What is its breed composition?
• Which breed is best known for marbling and a small frame among beef cattle?
• The Tuli breed, originating in Zimbabwe, is true in which of the following statements?
• In arrow diagrams, which type of relationship is indicated by a dashed line?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for horse?
• Which breed is small at birth and has the highest percentage of milk fat?
• Which light breed originated in the United States and is characterized by the palomino color?
• Which describes strategic flexibility in breeding plans?
• Which mating type yields the highest expected inbreeding coefficient in the offspring?
• Which heavy saddle breed originates in Germany and is noted for show jumping, hunting, and tall and muscular stature?
• To account for increased relatedness in offspring from inbred parents, which factor is used?
• What does the standard error specifically measure?
• Which breed originated at King Ranch in Texas and has a red coat; it is a Bos indicus influenced American Composite?
• What is the Axy value for full-siblings, and what is the typical observed range in practice?
• An example of GEI would be which of the following?
• What is a SNP array?
• Which statement about the interval around Rxy is correct?
• Crossing Hereford cattle with which breed tends to dilute the Hereford coloration?
• Genetic components include additive, dominance, and what other interaction?
• Mating between relatives leads to
• Which Bos indicus-influenced composite breed is described as 'dual purpose', with strong maternal traits and excellent growth and carcass abilities?
• Genetic potential for a character is defined as which of the following?
• Which crossbreed from the United States has a polled trait and wool finer than medium with a heavy fleece, developed from Rambouillet and Lincoln?
• In pedigree terminology, which term denotes the paternal side?
• In genetic evaluation planning, when selecting relatives to replicate an individual's performance, what is usually preferred?
• The Bovine-GCP-F250 platform provides which combination of SNPs and trait information?
• Which color attribute is commonly associated with Percheron at birth?
• Which meat goat breed originated in Spain and is described as having a color variety and being the 'Texas Longhorn' of goats?
• Which density category is defined as high-density SNP arrays?
• In cattle, full-siblings are most commonly produced by which practice?
• Which fiber breed originates in Turkey and produces mohair, is white in color, small in frame, and light in muscle?
• During gene expression, transcription produces which molecule?
• Hampshire is an American meat breed from the United States, with up ears and a black body with a white belt, heavily muscled.
• Which prolific breed originates in Finland and has white color with short fleece and polled status?
• Which of the following best describes Red Angus in the material?
• Which genetic component encompasses hybrid vigor and heterosis?
• A 68% confidence interval corresponds to which of the following in terms of standard error?
• Which species has a diploid chromosome number of 38?
• Which term describes the standard error associated with the overall genetic relationship between individuals?
• Common ancestry is defined as
• Full-sib DNA in common: theoretical share and practical range.
• In genomic selection, what effect do SNP arrays have on accuracy and relationships?
• Which breed shows tan, red, or white coloration caused by a deletion?
• What is the diploid chromosome number for cattle?
• What percentage components contribute to phenotype according to the material?
• Which Caribbean breed from the Virgin Islands is polled, red, with slick hair and heat tolerance?
• Which breed's name means 'yellow cattle' and originated in South Germany and Austria?
• Which breed was imported to the United States in the 1970s and played a major role in show steers during the 1980s due to its large frame?
• Alleles at gene loci not closely linked on the same chromosome are inherited how?
• Closely related animals tend to resemble which of the following?
• In the context of crossbreeding and GEI, which statement is true?
• Which European dairy breed originates from Jersey Island and is typically tan with black pigmentation?
• A 1% increase in inbreeding is associated with which outcome for lifetime milk production?
• What is the probability that the True DNA Shared proportion lies within RXY minus 3 SRXY and RXY plus 3 SRXY?
• What is the Axy value for half-siblings?
• Which statement about Percheron status among draft breeds is true?
• What is the color difference between Angus and Red Angus?
• Saanen is a dairy breed originating in Switzerland and is known for its large volume of milk.
• Which breed is a European Dairy Breed originating in Switzerland and can be horned or polled, with coat colors including chestnut to dull black and a dorsal stripe?
• Which breed is a specialty Bos taurus breed originating in Japan, known for excellent marbling and a small frame?
• Which term describes the standard error associated with the parent-offspring genetic relationship?
• What is a primary use of SNP arrays in breeding programs?
• Which statement best describes GEI versus environmental effect?
• Which color-pattern oriented light breed originates in the United States and is especially known for tobiano or overo patterns?
• Which breed from England is known for a large frame and coarse long wool, with a white wool color and white face (black nose) and is polled?
• In SNP array density descriptions, what is the low-density range?
• Which term describes the interaction of alleles or genotypes across gene loci; difficult to design?
• Inbreeding results from mating of related parents
• The goat reference genome mentioned in the material is associated with which of the following?
• Across two environments, how can GEI affect the ranking of genotypes?
• Reference genome is used to compare sequences of nucleotides, also known as chromosomal locations.
• What is the probability that the True DNA Shared proportion lies within RXY minus 2 SRXY and RXY plus 2 SRXY?
• Qualitatively inherited characteristics are illustrated by which distribution?
• Homozygous describes which condition?
• Genetic equation: Genetic equals what components?
• Which two conditions are listed as lethal recessive genetic defects?
• Direct ancestry is defined as
• Crossbred performance is generally better than purebred performance. Among purebreds, which statement is most accurate?
• The extension gene locus determines which coat color?
• Which breed is the largest frame among continental breeds and was imported to the United States in the 1970s, influencing show steers in the 1980s?
• GEI occur when which condition is involved?
• The roaning locus determines which coat color patterns?
• In animal breeding, what is the additive relationship (Axy) between a parent and its offspring?
• Cattle reference genome name?
• Percheron is best described as which type of horse breed?
• Which of the following is NOT a described use or trait of Percheron?
• Sheep reference genome name?
• If there is no GEI, what term best describes the environment's influence?
• Which light breed was developed in the United States with Spanish Thoroughbred influence and is known for speed over short distances and cattle/farm work?